I think there's really no simple way to do it except fall back to scripting.
Would be interesting to be able to define global functions that were callable from visual logic, but that's a pretty tall order.
You could try setting a a hidden text object's text value to the number you want the square root of, and then use the onSetText function to convert to a float, find the square root, then do something like set the X-Position:
Self.PosX = Math.sqrt(Cdbl(Text))
Then you use the X position of the text object for the result of your square root. The caveat is that you might be a frame behind in your square root.

EDIT: wanted to explain why converting to text and back - it was just so it would trigger the OnSetText function. You could it another way without having to do those conversions, like creating an OnRender script for the scene that takes a value from an object (like the X position), finds the square root, and sets the Y Position... I mean, there are a number of ways to hack it... none of the very pretty.
#XPression